There are a few questions here and I think they can all be addressed by one answer. If you visit
www.syncdroid.net, you can find a chart that lists of most software that syncs Outlook with the Thunderbolt or any Android device. You will find the software name, what it syncs (calendar, contacts, notes, tasks), how it syncs (BLUETOOTH, USB, Wi-Fi, wireless), the price (MANY FREE), and much more.
So, go there and look for the Bluetooth column to find those that sync with Bluetooth. HTC Sync is FREE but does NOT sync with Bluetooth.
You do not NEED to sync using Google's services. There are many software products that sync using USB and Wi-Fi (many free) avoiding external servers. Some will sync through their own servers (one encrypts it so their own servers don't know what is sent) so you can still sync through wireless but avoid Google's servers.
You will find $40 software and free software. Many of the free software products work great. The $40 software tends to have better support with some offering free US based phone support and will sync more things like Outlook categories, notes and tasks. The old adage of "you get what you pay for" applies here, but if you only NEED what the free software provides then use the free ones!