If you hadn't called and deactivated the phone you could possibly have gotten it back. Matter fact you still have an option.....just know I have had phone's stolen and got every one of them back.....this is what I did when my wife's D1 was stolen
I had my wife's d1 removed from her purse and initially I had it deactivated. Then I reactivated it with VZW and tracked it with Latitude (already installed and configured).
I called VZW and asked if I could reactivate the phone purely to track it in attempts to get it back I said I only wanted to do it for a short (set time frame....I did 3 days) time. They SHOULD (they did for me) make a note in your account so you are not responsible for the minutes used.
Then I went to VZW on my computer and printed off the call log that they are calling. Then I started calling the numbers telling them that the local police department would be visiting them soon because they were involved with a felony. I don't know if it is true or not but I said that they stole a $500 phone which made it grand theft and I would press charges against everyone I could find that was involved if I didn't get it back.
I also ran numbers through reverse lookup's which came back with a name that proved to be accurate. To be honest I got lucky too.....because Latitude was reporting I had an address. So when I went there although nobody was home I was able to talk to a neighbor and get a name. So when I called these numbers I asked for "david" and once they acknowledged that then knew him I proceeded with the threats. I tried to be nice of course.....at first but as they get ruder so did I....2nd number I called ended up being his sister.
When her D2 was stolen I already had both latitude installed and configured as well as "Where's my Droid" (donate) which allows keywords.....for instance if you send "Where's my Droid" to my wife's phone it would set it'self to the highest volume and ring for 5 minutes. If you text "GPS" then it starts responding with location, heading, and links to google maps EVERYTIME you send the texts. I have learned a bit and changed the keywords (which you can only do in donate) so for us now it's "don't forget" for the scream and "the sour cream" for GPS
Point being there is an app called "Plan B"...it's free in the market. You go to the market on your computer and push "plan b" to your phone. It automatically installs and starts sending emails to the default email address with it's location including address, lat and long, and links to google maps. Plus from there you can send texts to your phone with the keyword "locate" and it will respond the same way for 10 minutes.
Just saying. I have retrieved 2 stolen phone's so far....both times from completely shocked people....now I immediately hook up latitude on every phone I get....including friends....and install both Where's my Droid (donate version) on all phone's I get (wife's and my own) as well as Wavesecure on mine.
I dare you to steal my phone.
So....call VZW and tell them your phone was stolen. Tell them that you use latitude to navigate and just realized that you can track the phone that way. And you would prefer to just get it back rather than going through the hassle of replacing it. Tell them you just want 3 days and then you will call back and deactivate it again if you can't get a bead on it.
If they do it....wait one hour from the time you get off the phone (just to make sure service has reached it again) and then go to market and push "Plan B" to your device. You are going to have to be crafty, and I am willing to help if you wish, but you have a pretty good chance of getting it back.
For future take head to the apps I recommended and signing into Latitude right away on your new device. Also if you don't have any friends then set up a second gmail account and share your location with it. That way next time you can just sign into Gmail with the other account and track your phone.