GPS doesn't work like that. If you do not have a cellular signal, there is no way anyone else could access your coordinates.
GPS satellites are constantly sending out positioning information. a GPS device looks at this information, and determines its own position by triangulating the data between 4 or more satellites. The more satellites it can see, the more accurate the information is. This process is completely invisible to the satellites themselves... they are not aware of any receivers. As far as they are concerned, they are just mindlessly spitting information into the void. There would be no way to remotely read someone's coordinates on a GPS only device, which is exactly what your phone would be if it had absolutely no cellular signal whatsoever.