Welcome to the forum, dbyrd! Gorilla glass is chemically strengthened. Glass is a brittle material and brittle materials are extremely strong under compression but extremely weak under tension. When you chemically temper a glass, you immerse it in a salt bath and you stuff larger ions in all the surfaces and put them all under compression.
What’s unique about Gorilla Glass is that because of its inherent composition, it can allow those larger ions to penetrate the surface more deeply to increase the compression tolerance and tolerate deeper scratches. Basically, the compression pushes a flaw back. It’s harder to break from a deeper scratch.
And I wear diamond earrings - not a scratch on mine after a little better than three months.